Hubungan Pendapatan Perkapita dan Pendidikan terhadap Indeks Gini Negeri-negeri di Malaysia: Satu Pendekatan Kuznet

Abstract

This paper attempts to study the relationship between income per capita and education in reducing the inequality gap of income in Malaysia measured by the Gini coefficient. The Gini, income and education variables of 14 states in Malaysia between 2005 to 2012 were estimated by using the panel data method. The Kuznet Model was used to analyze this relationship by integrating the Taguchi and Tam formula to determine the turning point in order to attain the income distribution equilibrium. The regression outcome finds that the income per capita and level of education are significant as the efficient policy indicator to close the income gap among the citizens of Malaysia. The result of the turning point calculation shows that individual income per capita as much as RM1000 monthly and the ratio of 60:40 between tertiary educated employees and non tertiary educated employees are the key indicator in overcoming the issues of income inequality. The finding of this study implicates that the current implementation of the national economic and social policies emphasizing the goals of high income and importance of education are significant towards a sustainable development.