Global Journal Al-Thaqafah

Exploring ESP-Teaching Approach to Improve Speaking Proficiency in Islamic Studies L2 Students

Noor Aishah Idrishah, Siti Jamilah Bidin — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the impact of the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching approach on improving speaking skills among Islamic Studies L2 undergraduates through oral presentations. Conducted at a state university in Malaysia, the research involved 60 participants who underwent a 14-week intervention. The program was designed with content specifically tailored to their Islamic Studies background, aiming to enhance their language proficiency in a context relevant to their studies. Pre- and post-test oral presentations were used to assess participants' speaking skills, with performance evaluated using an adapted rubric. The data were analysed using Paired T-tests to compare the results from the pre- and post-tests. The analysis revealed significant improvements in speaking skills across both the experimental and control groups. Statistically significant increases were found in the mean scores for both groups, with the experimental group showing a greater overall improvement (experimental: p=.001, control: p=.007). These findings suggest that while ESP interventions have a positive impact on language proficiency, the results did not fully align with the anticipated level of improvement. Despite this, the participants demonstrated notable progress in key speaking components, particularly in vocabulary usage and comprehension during the post-presentations, indicating positive changes in their speaking abilities.

Synonymy in the View of Early Arabic Linguists: A Descriptive, Inductive and Analytical Study

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the phenomenon of synonymy, a subject of significant interest among Arabic linguists and scholars of the principles of jurisprudence (‘usul al-fiqh) due to its importance in understanding subtle differences between words with similar meanings. The objective is to uncover the true stance of early Arabic linguists on synonymy and determine whether there was disagreement among them. Anyone who reviews the scholars' research on this topic will find that they prove the disagreement between early Arabic linguists, which can be summarized in three directions: proving synonymy, denying it absolutely, and proving it with some conditions. Document analysis is the particular qualitative approach employed in the present study. The data is gathered using a library-based approach, citing synonymy research, recording the views of early linguists, and then verifying them with their writings or other sources from the same time. A descriptive, inductive approach is employed in the process of data analysis. The study concludes that early linguists did not deny synonymy, as there is no contradiction between the existence of differences among many synonymous words and proving their synonymy. Even if they differ in other contexts, two terms are considered synonymous when they convey the same meaning in a particular context. Differences in other contexts do not negate their use to indicate the same meaning. This study is expected to contribute to revealing the truth of the opinion of early Arabic linguists on the phenomenon of synonymy and to contribute to enriching this topic so that it is accessible to the academic scientific community and those interested in linguistic and usul al-fiqh studies.

Sahih Bukhari Hadith’s View of Social Justice in Multiethnic Nation

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Malaysia, a multiethnic nation with a diverse population of races, faiths, and political beliefs, requires an effective and contemporary strategy to maintain social stability. Political competition, however, is often racialized due to conflicting ethnic interests and social injustices. To ensure national security in the face of racial tensions and promote multiethnic social justice, certain principles are fundamental. The primary aim of this article is to highlight the principle of social justice in the community, as derived from Sahih Bukhari. The study employs qualitative methodologies to collect and analyze documentary data. Textual data is thematically analyzed using the ATLAS.ti version 9 application. The data collection method focuses on qualitative analysis of documents. The findings reveal the social justice principles in multiethnic societies as outlined in Sahih Bukhari. The study identifies five key principles emphasized in the book: religion, justice, peace, harmony, and stability. It also examines multiethnic issues related to politics, culture, and economics within the context of social justice. The eight hadiths in Sahih Bukhari on social justice in a multiethnic nation are categorized into five principles. The research suggests that the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) establish a framework for justice within the Madani culture. The concepts of religion, justice, peace, harmony, and stability are essential components of multiethnic social justice and are fundamental to building a civilized society.

Religious Factors and Emotional Well-Being Among University Students in Asian Countries

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The emotional well-being of a university student is influenced by various factors and they face a unique set of challenges that can impact their overall well-being. The objective of this review is to examine the religious-related factors that contribute to university students' emotional well-being in Asian countries. A comprehensive searching strategy was employed across various databases, including SCOPUS and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were studies published in the last five years (2019-2024), focusing on emotional well-being and writing in English, and qualitative and quantitative studies were considered. Articles were carefully reviewed to assess their relevance and quality. Many studies shed light on the interplay between religiosity, spirituality, and emotional well-being, emphasizing their profound impact on students’ lives, including their academic success. This review underscores the importance of external factors such as social support, social media, religious coping, and self-compassion as key contributors to the emotional well-being of university students. Consequently, when examining the determinants of students’ emotional well-being, it is crucial to integrate these influential external factors, given their significant role in shaping students’ overall well-being and daily lives.

The Shariah Perspective on Cryptocurrency: Insights from Malaysian Scholars

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This paper aims to underline the views and opinions of Malaysian Shariah scholars regarding the permissibility of cryptocurrency. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Malaysian Shariah scholars who have the authority to give rulings. This study found that two of the informants agreed that restrictions on using cryptocurrency are needed due to the bad outweighing the good, and to prevent terrible things from happening to users, especially those who have little knowledge about cryptocurrency. On the other hand, one of the informants allows the usage of cryptocurrency based on the argument that all the requirements and guidelines on cryptocurrency addressed by the securities commission must be fulfilled. This study will be helpful for Muslim investors, who deal with cryptocurrency. It is recommended to do future research on how various Islamic countries are approaching the regulation of cryptocurrency.

Halal Meat Issue: How Far Does the Preferred Halal Brand Matter?

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Recently, there is a raised concern about halal authenticity, prompting a Malaysian Halal authority investigation. Ensuring halal meat compliance is complex, requiring slaughterhouses to follow Standard Operating Procedures and Syariah guidelines. This study examines consumer choices regarding halal meat brands, focusing on the impact of pricing strategies on product quality. From the insights of 112 WhatsApp questionnaires, this quantitative, cross-sectional study demonstrates that product quality significantly shapes consumers' brand preferences within the halal meat market. The findings underscore the significance of product quality as a determinant factor in consumer decision-making processes within the Halal meat market, shedding light on the complex interplay between pricing, quality, and preferred Halal brands. These results have implications for industry practices and government policies, as Muslim Malaysians prioritize JAKIM-certified firms, stressing the importance of high halal standards and transparency. Further research on halal meat from the industry perspective is highly recommended.

Needs Analysis for the Development of an Integrated Psychospiritual-Quranic Arabic Language Module (INPAQ Module) for Juvenile Rehabilitation

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The Arabic language teaching at Henry Gurney School in Malaysia falls short of meeting the needs of juvenile rehabilitation, particularly in nurturing their aspiration to engage with religious instruction for self-development. This study aims to develop an Integrated Psychospiritual-Quranic Arabic Language Module (INPAQ Module) tailored specifically for juvenile rehabilitation. A case study design involving individual and focused group semi-structured interviews (n=21) was employed to examine the pressing need for developing an INPAQ Module. The finding recognizes the Quranic Arabic language as a medium for enhancing the psychospiritual aspects of juvenile students. Informants’ responses indicate that juveniles’ motivation to learn Arabic language stems from their desire to strengthen their connection with divinity through understanding Quranic verses, dhikr, and prayer. However, the current approach to teaching Arabic language does not fully meet their needs. In light of these findings, restructuring the existing Arabic curriculum is crucial to better align with the aspirations and rehabilitative needs of juveniles. The development of INPAQ Module represents an initiative designed to improve current practices. The study, therefore, proposes further exploration of the INPAQ Module framework, specifically designed to address the rehabilitation needs of juveniles.

Analysis of the Need for Sufism Elements in the Development of Integrity Modules for the Public Service Sector

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

In driving a globally competitive and dynamic public administration, Malaysia is working to improve its administrative system by implementing value-based transformations. Integrity is a core value in ensuring that civil servants work fairly, honestly, professionally, and with trustworthiness, without engaging in misconduct or corruption. To enhance performance and shift towards integrity-based management and administration, it is necessary to develop civil servant modules based on spiritual values. Therefore, this study is conducted to analyse the need for sufism elements in the development of integrity modules in the public sector in Malaysia. The first objective of the study is to identify the concept of integrity modules in the context of civil servants. Secondly, it is to determine participants’ perceptions of the assessment of integrity courses from the module’s aspect. Third is to analyse the need for sufism spiritual elements in implementing integrity modules. A total of 12 informants involved in the study include speakers and officers participating in integrity courses. Data were obtained using qualitative methods and analysed descriptively using Atlas.ti 8.0. The study findings indicate that the sufism aspect emphasizes spiritual education, which contributes to the development of individual integrity. Additionally, spiritual development is a core component of sufism compared to existing theories or models that do not focus on this aspect. Therefore, prioritising the rabbaniyyah aspect, derived from al-Quran, is essential compared to other aspects. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating sufism-based spiritual values into the training and development of civil servants’ model. This study aids in combating corruption by promoting transparency, responsibility, and integrity in all government administration, as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically Goal 16, which advocates for peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development.

Manfaat Halia dalam Kitab Perubatan Melayu Cerminan Kearifan Lokal

Azlini Anuar Tan, Husna Faredza Mohamed Redzwan — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The ginger plant contains a nutritional and bioactive compound that is extremely beneficial to our daily lives. It is well-known for its numerous health benefits as a traditional medicine in addition to being a staple ingredient in cooking. The objective of this study is to identify the benefits and properties of ginger that reflect local wisdom in medicine as recommended by Malay tradition and religion in the Traditional Medicine Book Al-Rahmah fi-al-Tibb wa al-Hikmah. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the benefits of the ginger plant (Zingiber Officinate Roscoe) as a selected plant that focuses on nutrition from a health perspective in accordance with ancient practices as a medicinal substance that affects the basic elements of the human body. The properties and benefits of the ginger plant, as described in the Malay medical book Al-Rahmah fi-al-Tibb wa al-Hikmah, have a significant impact on health conditions and disease-curing ingredients. The study employs a qualitative research design. This study applies content analysis methods using #LancsBox 6.0 software and library methods. The study's findings demonstrate that ginger herb plants are utilized to treat ten different kinds of illnesses, which reflects the traditional medical practices of earlier communities' use of their local knowledge. Additionally, ginger has been shown to have a positive effect on a person's body and to help balance akhlat and (mizaj) temperamental aspects. The benefits of the ginger plant are complementary to modern medical prescription drugs and have nearly the same effect, making this study crucial to the ongoing discovery of traditional Malay medicine's treasures. Furthermore, the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals with ginger as an ingredient can support Malaysia's economic growth.

Wasiat kepada Anak Tidak Sah Taraf: Analisis Terhadap Enakmen Wasiat Orang Islam bagi Negeri-negeri di Malaysia

Mohd Faizal Abdul Khir, Mohamed Fairooz Abdul khir, Asiah Yamin — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Currently, Malaysia has seven enactments related to wills that have been gazetted by seven states, namely Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Kelantan, Pahang, Sabah, and Perak. There are clauses in six of these enactments that prohibit will to illegitimate children (ATST), while one enactment allows it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the practice of issuing will to ATST across seven enactments in Malaysia. It also seeks to examine the inheritance rights of ATST based on legal sources in Islamic law, as well as the perspectives of scholars on this issue. The discussion begins with the definition of illegitimate child, followed by a comparison of the seven state enactments on this issue. Next, the related Shariah issues are summarized with a discussion from the perspective of legal reasoning and the presentation of the views of Islamic jurists (fuqaha). The selected view is summarized and concluded at the end of the discussion. This study primarily employs the library research method for data collection and analyzes the data using descriptive, deductive, and comparative approaches. The study concludes that the provision allowing bequest to ATST is the most accurate. This is in line with traditional jurisprudence debates in various schools of thought that do not specifically prohibit ATST from receiving wills. However, ATST are subject to the same other conditions as other will recipients.

Penulisan Al-Quran pada Pelepah Tamar, Batu dan Tulang di Zaman Awal Islam Menurut Perspektif Al-Farahi

Arif Amin Rushihi, Mohd Farouq Nukman Zamri, Akram Muaz Amir Amran — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

One of the topics debated in ulum al-Quran is the History of the Compilation of the Quran. Generally, the Quran's compilation during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was carried out in two ways: through memorization and writing. The common view is that memorization was more dominant than writing, as writing tools were scarce and limited at that time. There are narrations that indicate the companions of the Prophet (may Allah be pleased with them) wrote the Quran on palm leaves, stones and animal bones. The question is, how accurate are these accounts? What is the overall picture of Quranic writing during the early Islamic period? Hence, this study aims to examine and analyze the narrations related to Quranic writing from the perspective of Al-Farahi. He was a renowned Quranic scholar from India, famous for his theory of Nizam al-Quran (the coherence of the Quran). This study is significant in identifying the strength of these narrations from the aspect of dirayah (narrative analysis). To achieve the stated objective, the researcher employed the documentation method for data collection. For data analysis, the researcher used the content analysis method. This study concludes that the compilation of the Quran was completed during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from the perspective of Al-Farahi. Additionally, the primary writing of the Quran during that period was on suhuf (sheets or parchments). As for the writing of the Quran on palm leaves, stones, and bones were used as secondary or supplementary. This study opens for critical research on the history of the Quran’s compilation during the early Islamic period.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberkesanan Perhubungan Awam Islam: Penelitian daripada Perspektif Al-Quran dan Al-Hadis

Ahmad Al-Munzir, R., Nor ‘Azzah, K., Zulkifli, M.Y. — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines the factors influencing the effectiveness of Islamic public relations based on the perspective of the Quran and Hadith. The study originates from the issue of the limited understanding of the concept of Islamic public relations. This is due to the frequent reliance on conventional approaches as the primary reference, despite the existence of an Islamic approach offering its own principles and values within the field of public relations. To address this, a qualitative approach through library research was employed, analyzing Quranic and Hadith texts as well as related academic writings. The findings reveal four factors influencing the effectiveness of Islamic public relations: (1) transparency and honesty - siddiq, (2) alignment with Islamic values - taqwa, (3) respect for cultural sensitivities - adab, and (4) crisis management and conflict resolution - sulh. These findings provide practical guidance for building harmonious relationships between organizations and communities in line with Islamic principles.

Asimilasi Budaya Mualaf dengan Orang Melayu di Kelantan

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Kelantan is a state in Malaysia predominantly inhabited by the Malay Muslim community, alongside minority groups such as the Chinese, Indian, and Siamese communities. This study aims to discuss the cultural assimilation of Mualaf (New Converts) in Kelantan by examining elements such as the use of dialects, food, clothing, nickname, and marriage practices. These elements play a significant role in fostering strong social bonds and serve as an effective medium for Islamic da’wah (propagation).The study adopts a qualitative approach using content analysis of previous studies such as journals, theses, and other related documents. The data from the study were analysed thematically by forming specific themes. The findings reveal that cultural assimilation not only strengthens social cohesion but also contributes to harmony between converts and the Malay Muslim community in Kelantan. The adaptation to Malay cultural norms allows converts to live harmoniously and comfortably within the society. The study implies that converts in Kelantan can practice Malay cultural elements within the framework of Islamic principles. It also recommends the continued integration of local cultural elements into dakwah strategies, focusing on expanding guidance programs for converts, increasing community engagement in cross-cultural activities, and providing continuous support to facilitate their assimilation process. This approach is expected to enhance social cohesion and harmony within the Kelantanese community while positively impacting Islamic propagation efforts.

Pengaplikasian Kaedah Hadis Tematik dalam Pembinaan Isi Kandungan Risalah Dakwah

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The message of da'wah is one of the pillars of da'wah that must be emphasized, especially in selecting content that aligns with the needs of the da'wah target audience. The content of a good da'wah message should be accompanied by arguments based on specific evidence that aligns with the theme of the message. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the concept of thematic hadith knowledge and the suitability of applying the thematic hadith method in constructing the content of da'wah messages. This study is qualitative in nature, using content analysis methods as data collection instruments and data analysis through theme classification and description. The study found that there is a suitable application through seven (7) general steps of thematic hadith in producing the correct and accurate content of da'wah pamphlets. The suitability is summarized into six (6) processes, namely the determination of the title and theme of the da'wah pamphlet, the collection of important content related to the title and theme, the filtering of important content based on scope, the formation of engaging techniques in the presentation of the pamphlet's content, the use of language in the booklet that can maintain the credibility of a preacher, and finally a conclusion or summary that can provide motivation. The implications of this study are expected to give a clear understanding to muslim preachers about the importance of methods and ethics in producing good da'wah messages.

Filantropi Islam: Instrumen Wakaf Menurut Perspektif Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Waqf is regarded as a sustained act of charity, referred to as Islamic philanthropy, with the potential for spiritual and economic benefits for society. Even though waqf is not specifically mentioned in the Quran or the Sunnah in a conclusive (qaṭi’e) way, there are several hadiths indicating that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged his companions to dedicate their most beloved possessions for the sake of Allah SWT or for the benefit of humanity. Scholars have interpreted these hadiths as the basis for waqf, drawing from the understanding and implications of ṣadaqah jāriyah, which is understood as waqf. Therefore, this study aims to examine the waqf instrument as a form of Islamic philanthropy from the perspective of the Sunnah as found in Ṣahīh al-Bukhārī. The research methodology is qualitative, utilizing various classical texts (kitab turāth), contemporary fiqh sources, journals, and data analyzed using an interpretative technique approach. The findings reveal that a thematic analysis of hadiths from Ṣahīh al-Bukhārī demonstrates encouragement for waqf, resulting in a framework for waqf as an instrument of philanthropy in Islam. This framework encompasses the concept of waqf, its conditions, various types of waqf, and the methods for managing waqf assets.

الأنساق الثقافية في المقامات الأدبية المعاصرة (في النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين)

Tariq Muhammad Almugim — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The research dealt with several axes, including the definition of the Arabic Maqama, its literary status, and studies concerned with studying the cultural systems that accompanied it. Other axes dealt with the historical stages it went through since its inception until the beginning of the twentieth century. I used the historical and cultural method in this research by tracing the cultural contexts accompanying the Maqama in the second half of the twentieth century. The result was that the cultural systems in which the Maqama appeared were formed into three systems. The first is the revivalist system that appeared again to add modern styles and techniques to the form of the Maqama that had not been added to it before, while the second system is exclusionary and confronted attempts to revive the Maqama and marginalize it through several methods. While the third system is a different cultural system, it did not pay attention to both systems and surpassed them, and set out towards the first maqamat in the fourth and fifth centuries AH, and tried to imitate them again and devote care and attention to them, especially since they became a companion to scholars and preachers who showed great interest in the language, to help them in the discussions of the Sharia, and to revive this scientific tradition throughout the ages, this system was formed, and the maqamat of contemporary scholars and preachers were influenced by it, such as the maqamat of Al-Qarni and Al-Harbi, without paying attention to the literary form of the maqamat and caring about its development.

نحو معجم عربي موحد لمصطلحات الجيوماتكس: تحديات الترجمة العلمية والتعريب وأثر المرجعية الثقافية

Abdullah M Walid Kamel — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The goal of this research is to identify the challenges and obstacles that hinder the development of a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The focus is on ensuring that synonyms are compatible in translation and Arabization, as they play a crucial role in comprehending the fundamental concepts of this field in classical Arabic. Geomatics is a scientific term for an engineering specialty that emerged from the development and integration of well-known scientific branches, but ambiguity surrounds this term, its function, and its importance to the public and even to those interested in spatial information about the Earth's surface. In order to strengthen classical Arabic as a language that works well for comprehension and communication in professional and educational environments, the research focused on the significance of having a unified technical dictionary of Geomatics terms. The Unified Dictionary Data Bank of the Arab Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization is one approved reference that was used to assess how familiar a sample of students from King Abdulaziz University's Department of Geomatics was with Arabic synonyms for the most well-known scientific and technical terms in this field. It was found that a variety of factors make it challenging to develop accurate, specialized synonyms. These include cultural references, dictionaries that don't keep up with technological advancements, the fact that Arabic synonyms often have different meanings and terminological variations, the lack of specialized Arabic sources, and the tendency to write and speak in a hybrid way.

منهج التربية الإسلامية في تقويم سلوك الملأ

Nasr Abdo Ali Mohammed Alselwii, Roslan Ab Rahman — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research aims to explore the Islamic education approach in evaluating the behavior of societal elites (al-Mala) and how to guide them in serving the Islamic community. The study follows an analytical method based on the examination of Islamic texts and educational impacts, dividing the research into three main areas: defining the concept of al-Mala in light of Islamic education, applying the approach in dealing with nobles and the wealthy. The findings highlight the importance of activating the role of elites in building and developing society and leveraging their status to protect the state and enhance its identity. The study recommends the development of educational programs focused on guiding elites to assume their social responsibilities. It also suggests future research to assess the impact of these educational programs on contemporary Islamic societies.

دور العقوبات غير السجنية "الوضعية والشرعية" في معالجة مشكلات السجناء دراسة تحليلية

Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Shaeer, Mohammad Tahir Sabit Haji Mohammad — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study aims to explore the most effective treatments to issues of Yemeni prisoners in light of the positive criminal policy and Islamic Shari'ah. The comparative-analytical method was used to analyze and compare the treatments. The findings demonstrate that the Maqasidi approach, which addresses issues by considering their underlying objectives, which treats each issue in isolation. The results also indicate that the Maqasidi approach necessitates the application of non-custodial sanctions, particularly those known as alternatives to imprisonment, restorative justice measures, and Shari'ah sanctions. The findings also show that there is a deficiency in the application of Shari'ah non-custodial sanctions in Yemen and in Muslim countries in general.

تقييدٌ في ذمّ الغِـيبة ومدح العُزلة والصَّمت للشيخ أبي العباس أحمد بن عجيبة الـحَسَــنِـي (ت.1224هـ/1809م): دراسة وصفية ومَـعالِــم التحقيق

Izham Hakimi Redzan, Mariyam Benhaddou, Muhammad Ulfa Hassan — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This article aims to study a manuscript authored by the eminent Moroccan Sufi scholar, Sidi Aḥmad Ibn ‘Ajībah Al-Ḥasani (d. 1224 AH/1809 AD), titled “A Treatise On The Condemnation Of Backbiting And The Praise Of Self-isolation And Silence.” Employing a descriptive approach, this study extracts the author's methodology in addressing the vice of backbiting within this treatise. It further introduces the author, delves into the manuscript's content and composition, and outlines the methodological framework employed in its textual criticism, adhering to established practices in manuscript studies (Philology). The study reveals that this treatise exemplifies the interconnectedness of texts, or “bibliogram,” with other works on the topics of backbiting, self-isolation, and silence. A significant finding is that the treatise underscores the depth of Sheikh Ibn ‘Ajībah's Sufism. In addressing the vice of backbiting, a theme central to the purification of the soul, he produced a work characterised by a robust foundation of Islamic knowledge, drawing from the Quran, Sunnah, scholarly consensus, the sayings of the prophet’s companions and early Muslims. It also integrates Islamic jurisprudence, including its principles and al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhīyah, and draws upon glossaries of Sufism and Islamic jurisprudence, reflecting an interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge. Importantly, this treatise offers practical guidance that is timeless and relevant to contemporary Muslims. It serves as a reminder of the enduring value of ascetic virtues and the dangers of excessive social interaction, which can lead to harmful speech such as backbiting and other vices of the tongue.