Exploring the Islamic Perspective on Tissue Engineering Principles and Practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT642014.04.02Keywords:
Tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, biomedical technology, personalized medicine, Islamic perspectiveAbstract
Tissue engineering is related to the replacement, restoration, repair and/or regeneration of tissues/organs that are tailored to the needs of the individual patient. The potential applications of tissue engineering are being unveiled with much hype and expectations among the scientists and the public at large. The demand for engineered tissues may increase considerably, but the progress has been slow due to scientific and technical challenges that linked to moral, religious, philosophical, political and economic aspects. There are ongoing debates on certain aspects that seem to indicate that scientists maybe “playing God”. This article briefly analyses tissue engineering principles and the discourse surrounding it. Subsequently, the author briefly reflects on the Islamic perspectives, both for and against the technology. The discussions serve to provide a platform on how best to achieve a consensus that adequately deals with the scientific reality and the Islamic moral and legal jurisprudence that surrounds the technology.
References
Abdul Rahman C. A., & Ahmed E. (n.d). Islamic Code of Medical Professional Ethics in Islamic
Medicine. Shahid Athar (Ed.). Retrieved from http://teachislam.com/dmdocuments/33/BOOK/ Islamic%20Medicine.pdf. Retrieved on 30 June 2014.
Ali, A. Y. (2009). The meaning of the Holy Qur‟an. Text, Translation and Commentary. Islamic Book Trust. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Al-Madni, A. H. (2013). Genetic Science and Its Concept in Islam. Interdisciplinary Journal of
Contemporary Research in Business. 4(9): 192-200. Retrieved from http://journal-archieves27. webs.com/192-200.pdf. Retrieved on 02 July 2014.
Badylak, S. F., & Nerem, R. M. (2010). Progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 3285–3286. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000256107
Fadel, H. E. (2012). Developments in Stem Cell Research and Therapeutic Cloning: Islamic Ethical Positions, A Review. Bioethics. 26(3): 128 -135
Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia. (2005). Ruling on Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cell Research. The 67th Muzakarah (Conference) of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia, 22nd February 2005. Retrieved from http://www.efatwa. gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/hukumpengklonan-terapeutik-danpenyelidikan-selstem-stem-cell. Retrieved on 29 June 2014.
Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia. (2002). Human Reproduction and Cloning for Medical Purpose from Shariah Point of View. The 51st Muzakarah (Conference) of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia, 11th March 2002. Retrieved from http://www.e-fatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/pembiakan-manusia-danpengklonan-tujuan-perubatan-dari-sudutsyarak. Retrieved from 29 June 2014.
Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia. (1995). Use of Tissue Graft in Medical Practice. The 38th Muzakarah (Conference) of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia, 21st June 1995. Retrieved from http://www.efatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/penggunaan-graf-tisu-dalamamalan-perubatan. Retrieved on 29 June 2014.
IMANA Ethics Committee. (2007). Stem Cell Research: The IMANA Perspective. Islamic Medical Association of North America. Retrieved from http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/ www.imana.org/resource/resmgr/Files/stemcellposition.pdf?hhSearchTerms=%22stem+and+cells%22. Retrieved on 29 June 2014.
Islamic Fiqh Council of the Muslim World League (2003). Resolutions of the Islamic Fiqh Council - The Third Resolution on Stem Cells. 17th Session, Makkah Mukarramah, 19-23 Shawwal 1424H (13-17 December 2003). Retrieved from http://en.themwl.org/2012/05/23/resolutions-of-the-islamic-fiqhcouncil-17th-session-1424h. Retrieved on 29 June 2014.
Langer, R., & Vacanti, J. (1993). Tissue engineering. Science, 260: 920–926. doi:10.1126/science.8493529
Munirah S., Samsudin O. C., Chen H. C., Sharifah Salmah, S. H., Aminuddin, B. S., Ruszymah, B. H. I. (2007). Articular Cartilage Restoration in Load-Bearing Osteochondral Defects by Autologous Chondrocytes-Fibrin Constructs Implantation: An Experimental Study in Sheep. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 89B: 1099-1109. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.89B8.18451
Murnaghan, I. (2014). Adult vs. Embryonic Stem Cells. Retrieved from http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/adultvsembryonicstemcells.html. Retrieved on 24/06/2014.
Musa, M. N. (2006). Islamic Medical Ethics Amidst Developing Biotechnologies. International Seminar on “Human Genetic and Reproductive Technologies: Comparing Religious and Secular Perspectives”. The Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences (IOMS). 6-9 February 2006. Cairo, Egypt.
Sachedina, A. (2000). Islamic perspectives on research with human embryonic stem cells. In: National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Eds. Ethical issues in human stem cell research [vol 3]. Religious perspectives. Rockville, MD: Government Printing Office, 2000: g1–g6.
Sachedina, A. (2009). Islamic Biomedical Ethics: Principles and Application. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195378504, 9780195378504.
Shahid, A. (n.d) Islamic Perspective in Medical Ethics in Islamic Medicine. Shahid Athar (Ed.). Retrieved from http://teachislam.com/dmdocuments/33/BOOK/Islamic%20Medicine.pdf. Retrieved on 30 June 2014.
Stem Cells Basic. (2009). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/basics/SCprimer2009.pdf. Retrieved on 22 June 2014.
Willerth, S. M., & Sakiyama-Elbert, S. E. (2008). Combining stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for constructing tissues and cell delivery, StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community, StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1.1.1