Hubungan Antara Peranan Pengurus dalam Program Kerjaya dengan Pembangunan Kelakuan Proaktif Pekerja

Relationship Between Manager’s Role In Career Program And Employee Proactive Behaviour Development

Authors

  • Azman, I. Fakulti Ekonomi & Pengurusan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Wan Aishah, W.M.N. Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Nurrul Hayati, A. Fakulti Ekonomi & Pengurusan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Hasan Al-Banna, M. Fakulti Pengajian dan Pengurusan Pertahanan, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia
  • Raja Rizal Iskandar, RH. Institut Kajian Malaysia dan Antarabangsa.Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT812015.05.01

Keywords:

Job Autonomy, Career Planning, Leadership, Proactive Behaviour, SmartPLS Path Model

Abstract

According to the recent literature pertaining to human resource development and management, and based on Islamic perspective,managers generally play three major roles in career programme: job autonomy, career planning and leadership. Extensive studies in organizational career reveal that the ability of managers to appropriately design job autonomy, plan career programmes and lead employees in executing job may have significant impact on employee outcomes, especially proactive employee behaviour development in line with the requirements of Islamic doctrines. Even though the nature of this relationship is interesting, the role of managers as an important predicting variable has been given less emphasis in the workplace career research literature. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the manager’s role in career programme and proactive employee behaviour development using self-reported questionnaires accumulated from employees at a public higher learning institution in Malaysia. The results of SmartPLS path model showed that job autonomy and career planning do act as important determinants of proactive employee behaviour development in the organization being investigated. In contrast, leadership style does not act as an important determinant of proactive employee behaviour in the study setting. Further, this study offers discussion, implications and conclusion as part of the investigation and for future reference.

References

Al-Quran.

Ab. Aziz, Y. (2007). Keinsanan Dalam Pengurusan. Utusan Publications & Distribution Sdn. Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abele, A. E., & Wiese, B. S. (2008). The nomological network of self-management strategies and career success. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81, 733-749.

Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards An Understanding of Inequality. Journal of Abnormal and Normal Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.

Adekola, B. (2011). Career planning and career management as correlates for career development and job Satisfaction: A case study of Nigerian bank employees. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(2): 100-112.

Ahmad, I. (2011). Konsep kepimpinan dalam Islam. Dipetik dari http://muafakatmalaysia.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/muafakat_usrah_kertas_kepimpinan_islam.pdf.

Ahmad Zaki, B. (2008). Sorotan Sejarah Kecemerlangan Tamadun Islam di Andalusia (Sepanyol) dan Kedudukannya Sebagai Jambatan Kecemerlangan Tamadun Eropah dalam Muhammad Azizan Sabjan, Noor ShakirahMat Akhir &Nor Azlina Mohd Zubaidi. (2008) (ed.), Prosiding Seminar Antarabangsa Andalusia 1300 Tahun – Menyingkap Rahsia Kegemilangan Tamadun di Barat. Jabatan Mufti Negeri Pulau Pinang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Appelbaum, S. H., & Shapiro, B. T. (2002). Career management in information technology: A case study. Career Development International. 7(3):142-158.

Barclay, D. W., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares approach to causal modeling: personal computer adoption and use as illustration. Technology Studies, 2(2): 285-309.

Baruch, Y. (2004). Transforming careers: From linear to multidirectional career pathsorganizational and individual perspectives. Career Development International, 9(1), 58-73.

Belschak, F. D., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2010). Pro-self, pro-social, and pro-organizational foci of proactive behavior: Differential antecedents and consequences. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83,475-498.

Bettencourt, L. A. (2004). Change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors: The direct and moderating influence of goal orientation. Journal of Retailing, 80,165-180.

Brey, P. (1999). Worker Autonomy and the Drama of Digital Networks in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 22 (1): 15–25.

Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling, in R.H. Hoyle (Eds.). Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research (pp. 307-341). Thousand Oaks –Sage Publication, Inc, California, USA.

Chua, Y. P. (2006). Kaedah penyelidikan. McGraw Hill, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey, USA.

Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive Behavior in Organizations.Journal of Management, 26(3), 435-462.

Cresswell, J. W. (2014). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. SAGE publications, London, United Kingdom.

De Spiegelaere, S. Van Gyes, G., & Van Hootegem, G. (2012). Job Design and Innovative Work Behavior: One Size Does Not Fit All Types of Employees. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 8(4), 5-20.

De Vos, A., Dewilde, T., & De Clippeleer, I. (2009). Proactive career behaviours and career success during the early career. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 761-777.

Fay, D., & Frese, M. (2001). The Concept of Personal Initiative: An Overview of Validity Studies. Human Performance, 14(1), 97-124.

Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness.In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 1, 149–190. Academic Press, New York, USA.

Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, XVIII, 39-50.

Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2005). A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and annotated example. Communication of the Association for Information Systems, 16, 91-109.

Goldstein, I. L., & Ford, J. K. (2002).Training in Organizations. 4th ed. Belmont, Wadsworth CA. USA.

Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008).The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34.

Greenhaus, J. G., Callanan, G. A., & Godshalk, V. M. (2000). Career management. The Drydent Press, New York, USA.

Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work design. Addison-Wesley Reading, MA, USA.

Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee Reactions to Job Characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph, 55, 259-286.

Hadis Riwayat Abu Daud.

Hadis Riwayat Al-Bukhari.

Hadis Riwayat Baihaqi.

Hadis Riwayat Ibnu Asakir.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall International, Inc, New Jersey, USA.

Hall, D. T., & Associates (1986). Career development in organizations. Jossey Bass, San Francisco, USA.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing, Advances in International Marketing 20, 277-320.

House, R. J., & Mitchell, R. R. (1974). Path–goal theory of leadership.Journal of Contemporary Business, 3, 81–97.

Husnani Hamzah (2008). Analisis Teori Perancangan Strategik Menurut Islam: Kajian Pelaksanaan dan Keberkesanan di Yayasan Islam Kelantan (YIK). Disertasi, Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Hussey, J., & Hussey, R. (1997), Business Research. A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Ismail, A., Alli, N., Abdullah, M. M., & Parasuraman, B. (2009b). Perceive Value as a Moderator on the Relationship between Service Quality Features and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Business & Management, 4(2):71-79.

Ismail, A., Madrah, H., Aminudin, N., & Ismail, Y. (2013). Mediating role of career development

in the relationship between career program and personal outcomes. Makara, Seri Sosio Humaniora, 17(1):43-54.

Kamus Abqarie Melayu-Arab-English (2010).

Kamus Dewan. (2000). ed. ke-4. Kuala Lumpur: Bahasa dan Pustaka.

King, Z. (2004). Career self-management: Its nature, causes and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 112-133.

Kulik, C. T., Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (1987). Work design as an approach to personenvironment

fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 278–296.

Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990).A theory of goal setting and task performance. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.

Manolescu, A. (2003). Human Resource Management, 4th ed. The Economic Publishing House, Bucarest, 332.

Marchese, M. C., & Ryan, J. (2001).Capitalizing on the benefits of utilizing part-time employees

through job autonomy. Journal of Business and Psychology, 15, 549-560.

Martin, A. F., Romero, F. P., Valle, C. R., & Dolan, S. L. (2001). Corporate business Strategy, career management and recruitment: Do Spanish firms adhere to contingency model? Career Development International. 6(3):149-155.

Mohamed Fadzil Che’ Din (2002). Pengantar Bimbingan dan Kaunseling. Mc Graw Hill Publisher Sdn. Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohamed Sharif Mustaffa & Roslee Ahmad. (2002b). “Peranan Kaunselor Dalam Penerapan Nilai Murni Melalui Program Kaunseling Remaja di Sekolah. Satu Wadah Bersepadu”. Kertas kerja dalam Wacana Pendidikan dan Pembangunan Manusia. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Mohd Kamil, A. M., & Rahimin Affandi, A. R. (2007). Pembangunan Modal Insan di Malaysia: Analisis Terhadap Gagasan Islam Hadhari. Dipetik dari http://kamilmajid.blogspot.com/2007/06/pembangunan-modal-insan-dimalaysia. html. Dipetik pada 22 Disember 2014.

Mondy, R.W., Noe, R.M. & Premeaux, S.R. (2002). Human resources management. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.

Morgeson, F.P., Delaney-Klinger, K. & Hemingway, M.A. (2005).The Importance of Job Autonomy, Cognitive Ability, and Job-Related Skill for Predicting Role Breadth and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2):399 – 406.

Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership, theory and practice(5th ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.

Otte, F.L. & Hutcheson, P.G. (1992).Helping Employees Manage Careers, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 57-58.

Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M., & Turner, N. (2006).Modeling the Antecedents of Proactive Behavior at Work.Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3): 636-652.

Parker, S.K., Axtell, C.M., & Turner, N. (2001). Designing a Safer Workplace: Importance of Job Autonomy, Communication Quality, and Supportive Supervisors.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(3): 211-228.

Puah, A. & Ananthram, S. (2006). Exploring the antecedents and outcomes of career development initiatives: Empirical evidence from Singaporean employees.Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 14(1): 112-142.

Rank, J., (2006).Leadership predictors of proactive organizational behavior: Facilitating personal initiative, voice behavior, and exceptional service performance. Graduate School Theses and Dissertations.

Rank, J., Carsten, J.M., Unger, J.M., & Spector, P.E. (2007). Proactive customer service performance: Relationships with individual, task, and leadership variables. Human Performance, 20, 363- 390.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) beta, Hamburg: Dipetik dari http://www.smartpls.de. Riwayat Al-Bukhari.

Robbins, S. & Judge, T. (2008). Organizational Behavior.13th ed. Prentice Hall.

Rost, J. C. (1991). Leadership for the twentyfirst century. Praeger, New York, USA.

Sazandrishvili, N. (2009). Contextual and Personal Antecedents of Innovative Behavior. University of Twente.

Schein, E. H. (1990). Career anchors and job/role planning: The links between career pathing and career development. School of Management.

Searle, Travis P. (2011). A Multilevel Examination of Proactive Work Behaviors: Contextual and Individual Differences as Antecedents. Theses, Dissertations, & Student Scholarship: Agricultural Leadership, Education & Communication Department. Paper 20.

Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2010), Research methods for business - A Skill-BuildingApproach. 5th ed. Southern Gate, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Sidek, M. N. (2002). Perkembangan Kerjaya. Serdang: Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.

Sobri Salamon. (1989). Ekonomi Islam: Pengenalan Sistem dan Kemungkinan. Pustaka al-Rahmaniah, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Strauss, K., Griffin, M. A., & Rafferty, A. E. (2009). Proactivity directed toward the team and organization: The role of leadership, commitment, and role-breadth self-efficacy. British Journal of Management, 20, 279-291.

Sturges, J., Guest, D., & Mackenzie Davey, K. (2002). Who’s in charge? Graduates’ attitudes to and experiences of career management and their relationship with organizational commitment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9, 351-371.

Theodossiou, I., & Zangelis, A. (2009). Career prospects and tenure-job satisfaction profiles: Evidence from panel data. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38, 648-657.

Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. Wiley, New York, USA.

Wan Mohd Nor, W. D. (2001). Sikap Bertanggungjawab (Mas’uliah) dari Sudut Agama, Sejarah dan Pendidikan. Jurnal Pemikir, Oktober-Disember.

Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schroder, G. & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1): 177-195.

Wilkens, U., & Nermerich, D. (2011). Love it, change it, or leave it – Understanding highlyskilled flexible workers’ job satisfaction from a psychological contract perspective. Management Revue, 22(1): 65-84.

Wright, B. D. (1996). Comparing Rasch measurement and factor analysis.Structural Equation Modeling, 3(1): 3-24.

Yamnill, S., & McLean, G. (2001). Theories supporting transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(2): 195-208.

Yang, Z. (2009). A study of corporate reputation’s influence on customer loyalty based on PLSSEM model.International Business Research, 2(3) : 28-35

Yukl, G. A. (2005). Leadership in organizations.6th ed. Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.

Downloads

Published

31-08-2024

How to Cite

Azman, I., Wan Aishah, W.M.N., Nurrul Hayati, A., Hasan Al-Banna, M., & Raja Rizal Iskandar, RH. (2024). Hubungan Antara Peranan Pengurus dalam Program Kerjaya dengan Pembangunan Kelakuan Proaktif Pekerja: Relationship Between Manager’s Role In Career Program And Employee Proactive Behaviour Development. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 5(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT812015.05.01