Penggunaan Pendekatan Teori Sistemik dalam Proses Kaunseling Keluarga:Implikasi Pendidikan dan Latihan Kaunselor Malaysia.: Application of Systemic Theory in Family Counseling Process: Implication of Education and Training for Malaysia Counselors

Norhayati Bt. Mohd. Noor; Akbariah Mahdzir

doi:10.7187/GJAT122018-8

Authors

Norhayati Bt. Mohd. Noor Department of Education and Wellbeing Community , Faculty of Education, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Akbariah Mahdzir Malaysia Jepun Institute Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT122018-8

Keywords:

Family Counseling Process, Systemic Approach, Family Counselor, Counselor Tranning

Abstract

The study aims to explore the use of systemic approaches in the practice of family counseling by counselors at various community ‘setting’ counseling centers in Malaysia. The study was conducted with 12 counselors from the Negeri Sembilan Religious Council Counseling Center, the Social Welfare Department, and the National Population and Family Development Board. Data was analyzed thematically by using Nvivo 11. Results show that all counselors used the system/systemic approach in handling family cases. The preferred systemic approaches of the counseling practitioners are the Multigenerational, Structural, Strategic, and Brief therapies. The factors underlining the use, selection and practice of systemic approach among counselors are discussed in this article.

References

Al, M., & Cathleen, K. K. (2002). “Four Phases of Adlerian Counseling : Family Resilience in action. The Journal of Invidual Psychology, 58(3): 225-234.

Amy, L., & Betty, B.L. (1999). “Establing a Family Goal”. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 55(1): 155-158.

Bitter, J. R., & Byrd, R. J. (2016). “Adlerian Family Therapy”. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Marriage, Family, and Couples Counseling 1st Edition, 1, 14-20.

Carr, A. (2009a). “The Effectiveness of Family Therapy and Systemic Interventions for Child- Focused Problems”. Journal of Famliy Therapy, 31: 3- 45.

Carr, A. (2009b). “The Effectiveness of Family Therapy and Systemic Interventions for Adult- Focused Problems”. Journal of Famliy Therapy, 31: 46-74.

Carson, J., Sperry, L., Lewis. A. J. (2005). Family Therapy Technique-Intergrating and Tailoring Treatment. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Cettrell, D. & Boston, P. (2002). “Practioner Review: The Effectiveness of Sytemic Family Therapy for Children and Adolescents”. Journal of Chil Psychology and Psychiatry, 431(5): 573-586.

Chen R., Hughes A. C., & Austin J. P. (2017). “The Use of Theory in Family Therapy Research: Content Analysis and Update”. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 43(3): 514-525.

Coco, E.L. & Courtney, L.J . (1998). “A Family Systems Approach for Preventing Adolescent Runaway Behavior”. Adolescence Vol. 33, Issue 130.

Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Person Merril Prentice Hall.

David, S. A. (1991). “Use of Videotaped Initial Family Interview in Training Beginning Family Therapists”. Counselor Education & Supervision, 33(3): 201-209.

Etgar T. & Shulstain-Elrom H. (2009). “A Combined Therapy Model (Individual and Family) for Children With Sexual Behavior Problems.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Volume 53 Number 5: 574-595

Fenell, L. D., & Weinhold. K. B. (2003). Counseling Families: An Introduction to Marriage and Family Therapy (2nd ed.). Denver: Love Publishing Company.

Gladding S.T. (2014). Family Therapy: History, Theory and Practice (6th ed). Person New International.

George, S., & Barbara, P. (1986). “The Use of Strategic Family Therapy on The School Setting: A Case Study.” Journal of Counseling and Development, 65: 200-204.

Goldenderg & Goldenberg. (2012). Family Therapy: An Overview (8th ed.). Pasific Grove: Brook/Cole Publishing Company.

Goldenderg & Goldenberg. (2002). Counseling Today’s Families (4th ed.). Australia: Brooks/ Cole Thomson Learning.

Halstead W.R. etl. (2002). “Counselors’ Conceptualization of Caring in the Counseling Relationship.” Counseling and Value, Volume 47.

Hanna . M.S. (2007). The Practice of Family Therapy: Key Elements Across Model (4th ed.). Australia: Thomson Book/Cole.

James, F. L. (1979). “Family Theory and Therapy.” American Psychologist, 34(19): 988-992.

Kaplan, D.N. (2003). Family Counseling for All Counselors. Eric Clearinghouses on Counseling and Student Services.

Keith, D. M. (2001). “Structural-Strategic Family Counseling: A Case Study in Elementary School Counseling.” Professional School Counseling, 4(3): 180-186.

Khodayarifard, M. et al. (2007). “Psychotherapy in Iran: A Case Study of Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy for Mrs. A.” Journal of Clinical Psychology in Session 63(8): 745-753

Kim S.C. (1985). “Family Therapy For Asian Americans: A Strategic Structural Framework.” Psychotherapy. Vol. 22, No. 2.

Lily Mastura Harun & Ramlah Hamzah. (2006). Asas Kaunseling Keluarga. Pusat Penerbitan Universiti Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Lee, J. N., Jonathan, S. G., & Richard, M. B. (1999). “Research Pratices of Marriage and Family Therapist.” The American of Journal of Family Therapy, 27: 239-249.

Lloyd, H. & Dallos, R. (2008). “First Session Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Families Who Have a Child With Severe Intellectual Disabilities: Mothers’ Experiences and Views.” The Association for Family Therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30: 5-28

May, K. M. (2003). “Family Therapy Theory: What is Important in the Training of Today’s Family Counselors.” The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, Vol. 11, No. 1: 42-44

Michael, N. S. (1988). “Marathon Family Counseling.” Individual Psychology, 44(2): 210-216.

Michael, S. J. (1995). “Assessment and Diagnosis in Marriage and Family Counseling.” Journal of Counseling & Development, 74, 60-64.

Nichols, P. M. & Schwartz, C. R. (2006). Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods. Boston: Perason Education Inc.

Odell, M. & Quinn, W. H. (1998). “Therapist and Client Behaviors in the First Interview: Effects on Session Impact and Treatment Duration.” Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, Vol. 24 Issue 3: 369-388.

Patterson, J. et al. 2009. Essential Skills in Family Therapy. The Gulford Press.

Pinyuchon, M. & Gray, L.A. (1997). “Understanding Thai Families: A Cultural Context for Therapists Using A Structural Approach.” Contemporary Family Therapy, 19(2): 209-228.

Saedah A. Ghani. (2004). Kesan Kaunseling ke Atas Penyesuaian Kohesi, Persekitaran, Tingkah Laku Bermasalah dan Konsep Kendiri Remaja Awal. Tesis PhD. Tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Sains Sosial & Kemanusiaan .UKM.

Santisteban D. A. et al. (1997). “Brief Structural/Strategic Family Therapy With African American And Hispanic High-Risk Youth.” Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 25, No. 5: 453–471

Stein J.S., Mozdzierz B.A & Mozdsiers J.G. (1998). “The Kindship of Adlerian Family Counseling and Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy.” The Journal of Individual Psychology, vol. 54, no 1.