Awareness And Motivation In Crowdfunding For Islamic Banking And Finance Research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI112019-1Keywords:
Crowdfunding, Islamic banking and finance, Motivation, Crowdfunder, AwarenessAbstract
Research in academia is important for universities in Malaysia, as the Ministry of Education aspires to improve the quality of tertiary education and promotes innovation in the country. However, insufficient funding has restrained the activity of university research. To address this situation, the crowdfunding has become a new alternative for academic research support. This study investigates three main issues regarding crowdfunding in Islamic banking and finance research, namely, level of awareness, willingness and motivation to donate. The study employed a qualitative method. Several interview sessions were conducted with religious councils, financial institutions, crowdfunding platforms, and finance scholar. The findings show that 1) the level of crowdfunding is relatively low, 2) most respondents are willing to donate and 3) the motivations for donation are due to nonmonetary and social returns. Therefore, the regulators and policy makers should conduct continuous campaign on crowdfunding via social media platforms to spread awareness about the benefits of crowdfunding at various levels of society.
References
Abdullah, A. (2016). Crowdfunding as an emerging fundraising tool: with special reference to the Malaysian regulatory framework. Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 7 (1).
Al-Bashir, M. A. (2019). Crowdfunding inislamic finance. Fintech in Islamic Finance:Theory and Practice.
Aleksina, A., Akulenka, S., & Lublóy, Á. (2019).Success factors of crowdfunding campaigns in medical research: perceptions and reality. Drug discovery today.
Allison, T. H., Davis, B. C., Short, J. C., & Webb, J. W. (2015). Crowdfunding in a prosocial microlending environment: Examining the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic cues. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39 (1):53-73.
Alonso, I. (2015). Crowdfunding in Islamicfinance and microfinance; A case study of egypt. Access to Finance and Human Development-Essays on Zakah, Awqaf and Microfinance, 85.
Anglin, A., Short, J., Ketchen Jr, D., Allison,T., & McKenny, A. (2019). Third-Party Signals in Crowdfunded Microfinance: The Role of Microfinance Institutions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.
Bagheri, A., Chitsazan, H., & Ebrahimi, A.(2019). Crowdfunding motivations: A focus on donors’ perspectives. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 218-232.
Belleflamme , P., Lambert , T., & Schwienba, A.(2014). Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd. Journal of business venturing, 29 (5): 585-609.
Biancone, P., Secinaro, S., & Kamal, M. (2019).Crowdfunding and Fintech: business model sharia compliant. European Journal of Islamic Finance, 12, 1-9.
Bretschneider, U., & Leimeister, J. (2017). Not just an ego-trip: Exploring backers’ motivation for funding in incentive-based crowdfunding. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,26(4), 246-260.
Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P.(2002). Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management science, 48 (1): 1-23.
Cox, J., & Nguyen, T. (2018). Does the crowd mean business? An analysis of rewards-based crowdfunding as a source of finance for start-upsand small businesses. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25 (1): 147-162.
Cummings, M., Raw houser, H., Vismara, S., &Hamilton, E. (2019). An equity crowdfunding research agenda: evidence from stakeholder participation in the rulemaking process. Small Business Economics, 1-26.
Deci, E.L., Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G. &Ryan, R.M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self- determination perspective. Educational psychologist, 26 (3-4): 325-346.
DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical education, 4 (4): 314-321.
Crowdfunding: motivations and deterrents for participation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 20 (6): 1-32.
Elizabeth, M. G., Julie, S. H., & Kuo, P. Y.(2012). Crowdfunding: Why people are motivated to post and fund projects on crowdfunding platforms. in Semantic Scholar in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design, Influence, and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics, 2012, Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2(11).
Forman, J., & Damschroder, L. (2007).Qualitative Content Analysis. Empirical methods for bioethics: A primer, 11: 39-62.
Gallerani , G., Fici, P., Coatti, A., Mariotti, P., Passeri, F., & Battistelli, L. (2019). Crowdfunding for cancer research: the TRAC e-campaign as an example. The Lancet Oncology,20(5), 622-624.
Giones, F., & Oo, P. (2017). How crowdsourcing and crowdfunding are redefining innovation management. Revolution of Innovation Management: 43-70.
Golic, Z. (2014). Advantages of crowdfunding as an alternative source of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu, 1 (8): 39-48.
Hendratmi, A., Sukmaningrum, P., Hadi, M. N., & Ratnasari, R. (2019). The role of Islamic Crowdfunding mechanisms in business and business development. Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 7(1), 1-7.
Henry, S., Franzoni, C., & Kourosh, S. (2019). Crowdfunding scientific research: Descriptive insights and correlates of funding success. PLOS, 1-26.
Honque, N., Ali, M. H., Arefeen, S., Mowla, M. M., & Mamun, A. (2018). Use of Crowdfunding for Developing Social Enterprises: An Islamic Approach. International Journal of Business and Management, 13 (6): 156-164.
Hopkins, A. F., & Kooken, W. C. (2019). Crowdfunding Platforms for Nursing Research. Nurse educator, 44(4), 178-180.
Hummel, D. (2016).Civic crowd-funding: a potential test of the voluntary theory of public finance for public capital goods. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management,28(2): 171-195.
Husin, M., Haron, R., & Aziz, S. (2019). Adoption of Financial Technology in Islamic Crowd-Funding: Predicting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Intention to Use the Investment Account Platform. In Impact of Financial Technology (Fin Tech) on Islamic Finance and Financial Stability (pp. 12-35). IGI Global.
Ingeno, L. (2013). Crowdfunding Academic Research. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/06/10/academic-researchers-usingcrowdfunding-platforms. Retrieved on 10th January 2018.
Ismail, M. A., Malik, A., Nik, N., & Shafiai, M. (2015). Empowering the peripheral ummah through waqf. Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 12 (1): 32-43.
Kamal., S. M. (2017). How budget cuts affect public universities. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/01/11/how-budgetcuts-affect-public-universities/1290061. Retrieved on 11th September 2019.
Kavitha, P., & Baag, P. K. (2018). Crowdfunding for Entrepreneurs-analysis of the Institutional Work. working paper [IIMK/WPS/272/FIN/2018/16], Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, May 2018.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi, (2016). Peruntukan Bajet 2017 Untuk Perbelanjaan Pembangunan Universiti Awam Meningkat. https://www.mohe.gov.my/kenyataanakhbar/427-peruntukan-bajet-2017-untukperbelanjaan-pembangunan-universiti-awammeningkat. Retrieved on 15th January 2018.
Khan, M. (2019). Crowdfunding for Entrepreneurship Development through Islamic Banks: A Systematic Literature Review for Developing a Model. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 4(6), 532-540.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International, New Delhi, India.
Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation, 47, SAGE, London, New Delhi.
Macht, S., & Chapman, G. (2019). Getting more than money through online crowdfunding. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration.
Malik, M. (2014). Ihsani Social Capital: A Conceptual Exploration to Faith-Inspired Social Capital. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 1(2): 130-138.
Marom, S. (2017). Social responsibility and crowdfunding businesses: a measurement development study. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(2): 235-249.
Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of business venturing, 29(1): 1-16.
News Straits Times. (2017). Islamic Finance Assets Rise 9.5% to RM 783 Billion. News Straits Times, 27 October.
Nguyen, R., Hanna, N., & Vater, L. (2019). Crowdfunding for lung cancer costs. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 37.
Oseni, U., & Ali, S. (2019). Fintech in Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1995). Narrative Configuration in Qualitative Analysis. International journal of qualitative studies in education, 8(1): 5-23.
Power, T. V. (2012). SEC regulation of crowdfunding intermediaries under Title III of the JOBS Act. Banking & Financial Services Policy Report, 10(31): 1-7.
Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data, SAGE, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1): 54-67.
Securities Comission Malaysia. (2016). SC Announces Six Peer-to-Peer Financing Operators. available at: https://www.sc.com.my/post_archive/sc-announces-six-peer-topeer-financing-operators/. Retrieved on 15th January 2018.
Securities Commission Malaysia. (2015). SC Advances Greater Inclusivity in Market Based Financing. https://www.sc.com.my/post_archive/sc-advances-greater-inclusivityin-market- based-financing/. Retrieved on 15th January 2018.
Siddiqi, M. (1980). Muslim Economic Thinking: A Survey of Contemporary Literature. In K. Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Economics, The Islamic Foundation, Leicester, United Kingdom:191- 316.
The Wharton School of the University Pennsylvania. (2010). Can You Spare a Quarter? Crowdfunding Sites Turn Fans into Patrons of the Arts. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/can-you-spare-a-quarter-crowdfundingsites-turn- fans-into-patrons-of-the-arts/. Retrieved on 15th March 2018.
Top 10 of Malaysia. (2017). Malaysian Crowdfunding Companies. http://top10malaysia.com/main/malaysian-crowdfunding-companiestop-10/. Retrieved on 15th January 2018. Top 10 of Malaysia. (2017). Malaysian Crowdfunding Companies – The Top 10. http://top10malaysia.com/main/malaysiancrowdfunding-companies-top-10/. Retrieved on 15th January 2018.
University of Tasmania. (2017). Use The Crowd to Crowdfund Your Research. http://www.utas.edu.au/research/partnering/technologytransfer-and commercialisation/crowd-funding. Retrieved on 15th March 2018.
Valanciene, L., and Jegeleviciute, S. (2013). Valuation of Crowdfunding: Benefits And Drawbacks. Economics And Management, 18(1): 39-48.
Vismara, S. (2019). Sustainability in equity crowdfunding. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141: 98-106.
Walsh, L. (2014). By the masses: the emergence of crowdfunded research in Australia. http://theconversation.com/by-the-masses-theemergence-of-crowdfunded-research-inaustralia-22837. Retrieved on 10th January 2018.
World Bank. (2013). Crowdfunding’s Potential for the Developing World, Finance and Private Sector Development Department, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Zhang, H., & Chen, W. (2019). Backer Motivation in Crowdfunding New Product Ideas: Is It about You or Is It about Me? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 36(2): 241-262.