Saya Ujar / t /, //, dan / t / Secara Akustiknya Berbeza
I Pronounce / t /, // and /t/ Different Accoustically
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT122020-9Keywords:
Fonetik eksperimental, Language transfer, Language interference, ImpresionistikAbstract
Fonetik eksperimental merupakan cabang ilmu fonetik yang mengaplikasi kaedah peralatan makmal. Kajian-kajian seumpama ini berupaya menyerlahkan ciri-ciri fizikal bunyi bahasa dan mengenalpasti persamaan dan perbezaan fonetik bunyi dua bahasa. Berdasarkan permasalahan kajian lepas para pengkaji mendapati penutur sering dikaitkan dengan language transfer dan interference dalam sebutan bahasa kedua. Kesalahan ini adalah merujuk kepada teori Lado (1957) yang menyatakan fonem berbeza menimbulkan kesukaran kepada penutur. Fenomena ini berlaku berdasarkan pengujaran penutur yang terpengaruh dengan bahasa ibunda. Manakala bagi fonem yang sama dengan bahasa Melayu, penutur dikatakan tidak menghadapi sebarang kesulitan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis ciri-ciri akustik bunyi plosif Melayu dan Arab bagi menyerlahkan persamaan (similarity) dan perbezaan (dissimilarity) bunyi bahasa Melayu dan Arab menggunakan pendekatan fonetik eksperimental. Keseluruhan analisis pertuturan subjek dijalankan dalam makmal fonetik Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan UKM. Bahagian yang menjadi token kajian dianalisis menggunakan sistem perisian PRAAT. Secara khususnya, analisis spektografik yang wujud di posisi awal kata ini melibatkan pengukuran Voice Onset Time. Kajian ini ternyata menyerlahkan beberapa perkara penting berhubung ciri-ciri akustik Melayu dan Arab. Dapatan kajian menyerlahkan fenomena Long Lag dan pharyngealization (faringealisasi) dalam pertuturan bahasa Arab, berbeza dengan bahasa Melayu yang mempunyai ciri-ciri Short Voicing Lag bagi bunyi plosif. Penemuan ini juga mengesahkan pengaruh B1 dalam pertuturan B2.
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