Konsep Hak Asasi menurut Perspektif Islam dan Barat: Analisis terhadap Golongan Transgender: The Concept of Human Rights According to Islam and the Western: Analysis on the Transgenders

Anas, W. N. I. W. N.; Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W.; Karim, A. K.

doi:10.7187/GJATSI122024-12

Authors

Anas, W. N. I. W. N. Jabatan Ilmu Wahyu dan Pemikiran Islam, Fakulti Pengajian Umum dan Pendidikan Lanjutan Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. Fakulti Pengajian Kontemporari Islam, Institut Penyelidikan Produk dan Ketamadunan Melayu Islam, Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability and Islamic Research Center (AISIR), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Karim, A. K. Jabatan Syariah, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI122024-12

Keywords:

Human rights, Analysis, Transgenders, Islam, Western

Abstract

This study aims to explain the concept of human rights from Islamic and Western perspectives and to analyze these concepts specifically concerning transgender individuals. Using a documentation method, data on transgender issues in Malaysia and human rights from both perspectives were collected and analyzed through content analysis. The study found that the Islamic concept of human rights acknowledges individual rights within the limits of Islamic law, whereas the Western perspective views human rights as absolute individual rights. Islam does not permit gender reassignment, while the West allows it. These findings highlight the differing views between Islam and the West on transgender-related human rights. The study contributes to public understanding of these differences and suggests further research to analyze transgender issues within the context of Islamic and Western legal frameworks.

References

Abdullah, Z., Sa’ari, C. Z., dan Chang, L. W. (2018). Transgenderisme di malaysia: pelan bimbingan kembali kepada fitrah dari perspektif psikospiritual Islam. Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam, 20(2): 279-322.

Abu Bakar, N., Daud, N., Nordin, N., dan Abdullah, A. H. (2015). Developing integrated pedagogical approaches in play pedagogy: Malaysian experiences. Asian Social Science, 11(4): 234-245.

Ahmad, N. M. dan Salleh, M. M. M. (2018). Hak asasi manusia dari perspektif Islam dan undang-undang di malaysia: isu dan penyelesaian. Dalam Seminar Antarabangsa Syariah dan Undang-Undang.

An-Na'im, A. A. (2019). Toward a cross-cultural approach to defining international human rights. Emory International Law Review, 33(1): 87-130.

Anas, W. N. I. W. N. (2022). Pendekatan hukum Islam dalam menangani masalah sosial berkaitan golongan transgender di Malaysia. Tesis Ph.D, Universiti Malaya.

Andi Malla, H. A. B. (2005). Islam dan hak-hak asasi manusia. Jurnal Hunafa, 2(3): 251-264.

Asbi, Rahman Malik, Kurniawati, J., Lydia, N. S. (2024), Muslims acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues in Indonesia. Pharos Journal of Theology, 105(2) : 1-14.

Azar, C. M. (2020). Advancing human rights: the role of NGOs in human rights monitoring and advocacy. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 12(3): 517-534.

Daud, N., Ismail, H., Arifin, S. R. M., Embong, R., Nordin, N., dan Bichi, A. A. (2019). Benefits of breast milk for health care: Analysis from the Islamic perspective. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(9): 1846-1850

Hamat, M. F. (2007). Hak asasi manusia menurut Syarak. Jurnal Penyelidikan Islam, 20: 45-66.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1966). United Nations. Diakses dari: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx

Joseph, S. M. and Schultz, M. (2018). The right to equality and non-discrimination in South African higher education: challenges and prospects. South African Journal of Higher Education, 32(2):135-152.

Mohamad, M. Z., Mujani, W. K., Rozali, E. A., Omar, S. H. S., Othman, M. S., Syed Ab. Rahman, S. M. A., dan Hashim, J. (2014). The negative impact of religious pluralism on the islamic society in Malaysia. Social Sciences, 9(3): 153-156.

Mohamad, M. Z., Gulerce, H., Zaprulkhan, M. S. I., Wan Chik, W. M. Y., Saileh, A. W., Yusof, S., Hakimi Mat Idris, M. F., Mohd, Z., Ismail, A., dan Yusoff, K. (2014). The value of moderation in the context of national unity in Malaysia. International Business Management, 8(1): 24-29.

Mohamad, M. Z., Che Noh, N., Md Lateh@Junid, H., Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Yusof, S., Mat Idris, M. F. H., Abd. Latif, F., dan Anuar, A. (2024). The importance of Nursi's thought in empowering Muslim identity. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2): 518-524.

Mujani, W. K., Rozali, E. A., and Mohamad, M. Z. M. (2012). The world stability within cosmology as inspired by risale-i nur. Journal of Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(6): 980-984.

Muhammed, A. A. A. dan Amuda. Y. J. (2018). LGBT: An evaluation of Shariah provision and the laws of Malaysia and Nigeria. Global Journal of al-Thaqafah, 8(1): 15-29.

Meerangani, K. A., Marinsah, S. A., Termimi, M. A. A., Rosele, M. I., dan Rahimin, A. A. (2013). Hak asasi bukan muslim di Malaysia: analisis isu terpilih. Dalam International Seminar on Islamic Jurisprudence in Contemporary Soceity.

Nordin, N., Embong, R., Daud, N., Ismail, S. K., Salleh, S. F., dan Ahmad, A. A. (2019). The islamic ethical principles in commodity derivatives contracts. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(Special Issue 1): 1-5.

Nordin, N., Daud, N., Ahmad, A. A., Bakar, N. A., dan Ali, E. M. T. E. (2015). Gharar in forward and futures contracts? Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2): 435-441.

Koenig, A. M. (2017). From declaration to reality: The universal declaration of human rights at seventy. Human Rights Quarterly, 39(2): 397-414.

Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Anas, W. N. I. W. N., Umar, R., Kamarudin, M. K. A., dan Embong, A. H. (2022). Ethical Issues in Academic Authorship: A Study on Group Writing. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(1): 226-231.

Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Anas, W. N. I. W. N., Mohamad, M. Z., Embong, A. H., dan Mokhtar, W. K. A. W. (2021). The role of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W in educating children and its applications to prevent gadget addiction among children. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 13(2): 718–722.

Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Anas, W. N. I. W. N., Suhaimi, M. A., Idham, M. A., Embong, A. H., dan Hassan, S. A. (2024). Developing a holistic Islam-based academic integrity model for Malaysian higher education institutions. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(1): 677–686. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.1.0049

Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Fauzi, N., Anas, W. N. I. W. N., Embong, A. H., Imas, M. M., dan Hassan, A. (2020). The knowledge of mobile learning and Quranic symbols (Dabt al-Quran) in Mushaf Uthmani and mobile learning among al-Quran teachers in IMTIAZ, Terengganu. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5): 1190–1198.

Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology: Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Mohamad, M. (2015). Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual dan Transgender: perspektif undang undang jenayah syariah. Jurnal Undang-Undang Malaysia, 19(2): 29-36.

Majid, W. R. A. (2017). Meletakkan batasan pada kebebasan. Diakses dari: https://www.ikim.gov.my/index.php/2017/02/13/meletakkan-batasan-pada-kebebasan/

Kamal, M. H. M. (2017). Prinsip hak asasi manusia menurut perspektif undang-undang antarabangsa dan hukum syarak: suatu perbandingan. Jurnal Undang-Undang Malaysia, 26(1): 72-99.

Arif, M. I. A. M., Shafie, M. S., Hanapi, H., dan Hassan, F. M. (2018). Salah laku LGBT dalam perundangan Malaysia: Undang-undang sebagai mekanisme pembanterasan dan kawalan. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences, 13(1): 19-34.

Musa, M. F. (2015). Pengantar hak asasi manusia moden dan hujah sangkalan ia bertentangan dengan Islam. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 3(3):79-94.

Nor, M. M. M., Abdullah, R. dan Bakar, W.Z.W. (2020), Perbezaan pendekatan hak asasi manusia: suatu sorotan literatur. Journal of Shariah Law Research, 5(1): 1-34.

Powell, T., Shapiro, S. dan Stein, E. (2016). Transgender rights as human rights. AMA Journal of Ethics, 18(11): 1126-1131

Razzaque, J. (2013). Socio-economic rights in developing countries. Cambridge: University Press.

Hassan, S. A. dan Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2020). Research Design Based on Fatwa Making Process: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6): 241-246.

Syafrinaldi, dan Suparta, E. (2019). Hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi dalam konsep negara hukum. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 3(1): 133-142

Thoyyar, H. (1988). Polemik Hak Asasi Manusia, Bagaimana Konsepsi Islam? Jakarta: Suara Hodayatullah.

Triana, N. (2007). Hak asasi manusia dalam perspektif barat dan Islam. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 1(2): 109-124.

United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Diakses dari: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

Wahab, H. A., dan Bidin, A. (2001). Akta 597: Satu perkembangan hak asasi manusia di Malaysia. Jelapang, 2(2): 71-82.

Yamin, A. E. (2013). Power, suffering, and the struggle for dignity: human rights frameworks for health and why they matter. Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights, 16(1): 1-34.